![]() Just use the microphone or headset input on your iPhone or iPad for the audio signal. Sound Source You can either have the decoder listen to the microphone, analyse a file you upload or analyse a pre-saved sample along with some sensible parameters. The HotPaw Morse Code Decoder translates Morse Code sound into text. Question yourself why you are so obsessed with some 19th century technology. If you cannot produce your own Morse code sounds then try using my Morse code translator to play or download some. This is an experimental tool for listening to, analysing and decoding International Morse code all done in Javascript using the Web Audio API.from the keyboard) using a timer, plays the appropriate tone and passes the data to a MorseDecoder instance. morse-pro-keyer.js: MorseKeyer class, tests for input (e.g. Pretend you are living in 1920 during the war. morse-pro-decoder-adaptive.js: MorseDecoderAdaptive class, converts from timings to Morse code and adapts to changing speed.Create an array of output strings containing what the strings from 1 represent (most of them will be a single character). Learn what "Morse Code" is and how to use it correctly. Create an array of input strings containing the Morse codes.Hear the sound that your Morse Code makes as it is sent.Encode or decode common text into Morse Code.If a letter cannot be translated a '' will appear in the output. The text translation will appear in the bottom box. Letters are separated by spaces and words by '/'. so to push myself into some practical experience I developed this software here.Īs an extra challenge I developed everything without LINQ, GENERICS and other things exactly to force myself to find a different solution to the challenges I encountered along the way. Morse to Text You can type Morse code into the top box using '.' for a dot and '-' or '' for a dash. I started learning C# in February/2021 (just a few months after having my first experience with programming in general) and since then I was dealing only with tutorials and a lot of theory. The software Morse Decoder 2021 is a console application I wrote entirely using C# as my first software developed from scratch.
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![]() The subreddits go through every hobby and topic imaginable all the way to the most extremely strange things (opens in new tab) like r/wolveswithwatermelons (opens in new tab) (which is exactly that, although it includes dogs, too), r/birdswitharms (opens in new tab) (people photoshopping arms on birds), or r/thomasthedankengine (opens in new tab) (which is full of people remixing the Thomas the Tank Engine theme with hip-hop tracks) Can I create my own subreddit? Other not-so-mainstream favorites are r/oddlysatisfying (opens in new tab), which features videos and photos that are oddly satisfying r/CrappyDesign (opens in new tab), dedicated to the many crappy designs that surround us and r/EarthPorn (opens in new tab), which has stunning images of our Pale Blue Dot, not actual porn.Īnd that's just the tip of the iceberg. Some of our favorite mainstream ones are r/gadgets (opens in new tab), with 18.7 million subscribers r/todayilearned (opens in new tab) (26.2 million) r/movies (opens in new tab) (26 million) and r/soccer (opens in new tab) (3 million). ![]() From subreddit covering popular TV shows like r/DunderMifflin (opens in new tab) (1.8 million) to the more niche interests like r/pottery (opens in new tab) (71k) There is a community dedicated to just about every single hobby, interest, fandom, and general aspect of daily life. 1 default r/announcements (opens in new tab) - are r/funny (opens in new tab) with 37.7 million subscribers, r/AskReddit (opens in new tab) (33,8 million), r/gaming (opens in new tab) (30.8 million), r/aww (opens in new tab) (29.5 million) and r/music (opens in new tab) (28.2 million).īut with more than 138,000 active subreddits, the list doesn't stop there. According to the latest subscriber figures (opens in new tab), the top five most popular subreddits - excluding the No. ![]() ![]() The main goal is to protect your king and checkmate your opponent's king. It's like multiplayer timepass games as chaturanga, shatranj, xiangqi, janggi, shogi. Royal Chess is the free, new, and best multiplayer version of an original and classic timepass chess game. Royal Chess offers modes like blitz, bullet, rapid, classic, private, CPU, practice, learn tactics, training, timepass, local, friends, etc. Royal Chess is the most popular and new chess released in 2021. Chess is played by millions of people worldwide. Royal Chess is a two-player strategy board game played on a chessboard, a checkered board with 64 squares arranged in an 8×8 grid. Voicechat: Voicechat customization allows a player to enable voicechat in multiplayer games. Piece Destination: Hide recent moves & valid movement suggestions. Board Highlight: Hide all warning highlights. Magnified Dragged Piece: Stop zooming while dragging. Piece Animation: Stop moving animation of pieces. Board Coordinates: Hide 1-8 and a-h coordinates. Over 10+ quality settings to customize like display name and avatar. Local Friends: One device, Two competitors. CPU Practice: Tactics training, Learn your strategy, Win over the CPU to become royal king. Private Match: Play in private mode with your private friends. Play Classic: Classic games are for veteran players with long time-controls. Play Rapid: Rapid games are around 10 to 20 minutes long. Play Blitz: Blitz games are around 5 to 10 minutes long. Play Bullet: Bullet games are a minute or two long. Create and play online and offline boards separately. Dominate the leaderboard and become the King of Royal Chess. Explore the royal world and make new friends. Challenge your friends into private games and communicate with voicechat. Endless chess games with infinite time-control. Interact with opponents by real-time voicechat. Create multiplayer chess boards, Play multiple games simultaneously. From blazing bullet games to classic chess games, Royal Chess provides a variety of time-controlled games. Defeat your opponents and become the king of royal chess. Play the best chess game for free with players from all over the world!Ĭompete, learn, train, improve, and strategize with the best chess game to hone your path towards chess grandmaster. In the Chess Online Multiplayer walkthrough video below, you can get the most gaming fun.Play Royal Chess, Talk to your worldwide buddies with real-time voice chat. Playing Chess Online Multiplayer can't find a trick? Check out the Chess Online Multiplayer walkthrough to help you get the cheats. How to play Chess Online Multiplayer online?ĭrag a chess piece using the left mouse button. I hope you can also like the Chess Online Multiplayer game. Chess Online Multiplayer has been liked by a lot of players since its launch. You don't need to download any app, you can start the game by opening any browser on ipad, PC or mobile phone. It supports you to play online at DooDooLove. Chess Online Multiplayer IntroductionĬhess Online Multiplayer is a casual game developed by. The DooDooLove game is the best gaming companion for Poki. DooDooLove has a lot of casual online games besides Chess Online Multiplayer. If you think Chess Online Multiplayer is having fun for you, then you should definitely share DooDooLove Chess Online Multiplayer with your friends. Start to play unblocked Chess Online Multiplayer game now at doodoo.love in fullscreen without download. Chess Online Multiplayer is made with html5 technology, developed and uploaded by, you can use it on PC and mobile network. As a popular game in the casual category, Chess Online Multiplayer has received a 5-star rating from 90% of players. HOME / CASUAL GAME Play Chess Online Multiplayer Online - DooDooLoveĬhess Online Multiplayer is a casual online game that you can play for free on PC, mobile, iPad browsers. ![]() ![]() Sellers thrive and stand out from others.Īre you that into Clash of Clans that you have everything stacked up and also already When you are done with your purchase, make sure to leaveĪppropriate feedback to the seller, it is optional but every feedback helps With setting up the account and will help you to make sure the Clash of Clans account is fully If you run into any trouble, every seller is ready to help Given details, log in into your new account, make necessary changes and enjoy Specified time frame (most of the time it is instant) Once the payment is confirmed, a chat room will appear where you canĭepending on the delivery time, you will be receiving your Clash of Clans account details in Offer to make sure everything works for youĬlick „Buy Now“ button and make a payment with your preferred payment Look through the listed CoC accounts and pick the one Looking to buy Clash of Clans Accounts? Here’s a quick guide how to get started: ![]() That`s why Eldorado.gg is the best place to buy and sell COC Accounts. After this, you are ready to sell Clash of Clans Account to other players.Įldorado.gg protects all sellers from any attempted fraud or chargebacks with TradeShield protection. Verified IDs protect buyers who want to buy Clash of Clans account safely.Īfter verifying your ID, you are able to post a detailed offer description of your account, alongside a maximum of 5 images of your account. We require you to verify your ID due to the increased risk involved with buying a Clash of Clans account and selling your TH14 CoC account. Selling the COC account with Eldorado.gg is an easy and straightforward process. You are able to buy Clash of Clans Accounts for Android or iOS devices that has maxed TH base, that is Clash of Clans TH14. This means we protect you from account recovery scams. Also, we place a 5-day insurance policy on all COC Account sales. We protect our buyers buy requiring all account sellers to verify their IDs before placing Clash of Clans Account offers. Cheap Clash of Clans accounts price and safe buying process. When buying COC Accounts, there are two main factors players are looking for from marketplaces. Clash of Clans accounts, also known as COC accounts is in demand for players who want to play with a higher level and more advanced account all the way up to Town Hall 14! There are many Clash of Clans Accounts For Sale from Trusted and verified sellers. If you are looking to buy Clash of Clans account, you are in the right place. ![]() In August 2022, SNK producer Yasuyuki Oda stated that "both parties" are interested in a potential revival of the series. However, in an interview from January 2009, Yoshinori Ono, the producer of Street Fighter IV, expressed interest in a possible third game if fans demand it. Capcom: Card Fighters DS will probably be the last crossover game between both companies. Capcom games, but in another interview, both companies stated that they would not do any further collaboration with each other. There were interviews with SNK that it would be possible to renew their contract with Capcom to make new SNK vs. SNK 3 were later repurposed for the cancelled Capcom Fighting All-Stars, said project was set to include The King of Fighters protagonist Kyo Kusanagi as a guest character during its planned release after a deal was struck with the then-reformed SNK Playmore. In a 2021 interview with, director Hideaki Itsuno confirmed that at one point, there had been plans for a new, 3D installment in the series, but that it had been cancelled due to SNK's bankruptcy. Bison and all SNK-created characters featured in SNK vs Capcom series in Netmarble/ SNK's The King of Fighters All Star. Ultimate, Ryu, Chun-Li, Haohmaru, Genjuro Kibagami and Nakoruru in Cygames' Granblue Fantasy and Ryu, Chun-Li, Akuma, M. Capcom titles have been released since Card Fighter DS, characters from both companies have appeared together in a handful of other titles, including Akuma and Geese Howard in Bandai Namco's Tekken 7, Mega Man, Ryu, Ken Masters and Terry Bogard in Nintendo's Super Smash Bros. SNK game, SNK did not profit from the game, which did not help their financial problems). Also, if one company was the main creator of one game, the distributing company would gain the profits and not the company that licensed the characters for use (although SNK gave the rights to use the SNK characters to Capcom for the first Capcom vs. Capcom: SVC Chaos was only made in order to fulfill the contract obligations that SNK made prior to the company filing bankruptcy and their eventual closing in 2000. Because of this uproar, Capcom and SNK supposedly signed a deal that would allow them to produce only two fighting games concerning both franchises in 1999 (the Card Fighters series (see below) were not fighting games and therefore were exempt from the rule). SF, to mean that there was a fighting game that would pit characters from Street Fighter and The King of Fighters. Readers had misread the cover, which said KOF vs. The supposed origin behind this series was an issue of Arcadia magazine in which there were articles covering both The King of Fighters '98 and Street Fighter Alpha 3, both of which were released at around the same time. ( September 2022) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message) Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. ![]() This section needs additional citations for verification. Reception to the series has been varied the Capcom-developed titles were the most positively-received, while the SNK-developed installments received more mixed reviews. SNK in their titles, with the first company named denoting the company behind the game's development. Games in this series either contain SNK vs. Capcom series, in which the players create teams of fighters and have them fight each other. ![]() Most of these are fighting game, and take on a similar format to Capcom's own Marvel vs. SNK, is a series of crossover video games by either Capcom or SNK featuring characters that appear in games created by either company. ![]() Capcom: The Match of the Millennium (Nintendo Switch) Arcade, Dreamcast, Windows, Neo-Geo, Neo Geo Pocket Color, Nintendo DS, GameCube, Switch, PlayStation ![]() Stark." The line is uttered by the character Spider-Man before he disintegrates. Many online paired the images with a quote from the film, "I don't feel so good, Mr. The post (shown below, center) received more than 645 retweets and 3,100 likes in 24 hours. On April 30th, Twitter user posted a version featuring the sitcom character Fraiser from the television series Fraiser. The post (shown below, left) received more than 2,200 reactions, 150 shares and 50 comments in two days. That day, Facebook user Zak Seelbach posted a version of the Ralph Wiggum in danger meme in which Ralph is disintegrating in the Simpsons Shitposting Facebook group. The post (shown below) received more than 20,000 reactions, 42,000 shares and 8,300 comments in 24 hours. On April 29th, 2018, Facebook 8memes posted an image of the cartoon character SpongeBob SquarePants disintegrating. įollowing the release of Avengers: Infinity War in April 2018, the meme was revived to reference the film's ending. Later that year, they posted a second one (shown below, right), which received more than 6,500 likes in seven months. The post (shown below, left) received more than 3,600 likes in one year. Later that month, Instagram user posted the quote with an image of a disintegrating lizard holding a thumbtack. Face me when you become stronger, until then farewell." The post (shown below) received more than 3,000 retweets and 4,900 likes in one year. They wrote, "Your fists will never reach me. The earliest known example of the effect being used for the purposes of a meme was posted on May 11th, 2017 by Twitter user That day, they posted a photoshopped version of the You Know I Had To Do It To Em meme disintegrating with a quote from The Last: Naruto the Movie. ![]() This is usually achieved with a digital brush and looks like little circle or triangles filled with pieces of the image. The disintegration effect is a technique used in photograph editing in which the user maniuplates the image so that it appears as though the subject is disintegrating piece by piece. In this context, it is usually paired with a line from the film "I don't feel so good." Following the release of Avengers: Infinity War, the meme was revived for a series of jokes about the film's ending. Meme Generator PicsArt Editor Urban DictionaryĮditor's Note: This entry contains spoilers for Avengers: Infinity War read at your own caution.ĭisintegration Effect, also known as " Particle Dispersion Effect" and " I Don't Feel So Good" is a series of photoshopped image macros in which the subject appears to be dissolving using Photoshop's "dispersion" technique (called "dispersion" or "burst" in the application PicsArt). Avengers, avengers infinity war, naruto, the last: naruto the movie, dissolve, particle dispertion, disintegration, thanos snaps his fingers, toneri ōtsutsuki, i don't feel so good, spider-man, tony stark, iron man, splatter effect, shatter effect, desint ![]() Another problem is that the color gamut on any display, and most especially on a Retina Display, is going to be much, much higher on the display than print. Most mass-production printers like Costco do not hire color experts by any means. (Be sure to read at least the featured comments too more of the story appears.)īut on my iPhone the same photo has the identical color balance to what I see on my iMac, which makes me suspect my color calibration is not really off. The results are amazing–true deep blacks and a huge gamut. I’d probably try AdoramaPix, since they’re usually my first choice photo gear vendor.Īs an extreme calibration example, Bill Atkinson wanted to print a photo book (“Within the Stone”), and did back flips working with a commercial printer to get a calibration that worked the way he wanted. That lovely PNW forest floor deserves much better than that!Ĭonsumer Reports has an article rating a few services: On Sun, Apr 7, 2019, at 8:51 AM, PaulBrians wrote about poor Costco print calibration,Īlong with the others, do try a different print service, preferably not a chain store. If not, any quick printer, like Sir Speedy, Alpha Graphics, Minuteman, or any small local shop, certainly will, and it should be at least as cost effective as buying an app that might or might not work. Have you tried taking your prints to Costco and telling them what’s wrong with the color? They should be able to work with you and make adjustments that will work with your equipment right there, or to give you a profile. But on my iPhone the same photo has the identical color balance to what I see on my iMac, which makes me suspect my color calibration is not really off. I think it looks fine.Įverything I send to Costco prints too dark, so I think my screen may be set too bright. It doesn’t look too yellow to me on my retina iPad. A friend says the image looks too yellow on his screen too. On my screen the greens are natural-looking, but on Costco’s printer some of the lime-green ones, like the large one at lower left touching the log, come out a harsh yellow. They claim my screen may be miscalibrated. ![]() Retina 4K, 21.Yes, but my problem is that the images that look great on my screen are getting printed too dark and too yellow on the Costco printer. ![]() To summarize the history of iMac Technology Type: If the resulting window shows that the iMac is "Late 2015" or newer, it is the RG Phosphor / GB-LED technology type. While Apple went to White LED backlit displays in 2009, these two iMac models switched to the RG Phosphor in late 2015. Prior to 2009, iMacs were CCFL backlit displays. To properly identify an RG Phosphor iMac, go to the Apple in the menu bar and select "About this Mac". ColorMunki Smile users will need to stay with "LED". As a result, the appropriate technology type to select with the ColorMunki Display is "GB-LED (RG Phosphor)" and "GB LED" with the i1Display Pro (GB LED is the same calibration matrix as RG Phosphor). The next update to i1Profiler will add a new Technology Type for 2016 and later MacBook Pros so current i1Display Pro users should stay with the "White LED" Technology Type.Īs of late 2015, Apple has changed the technology type in the Retina 5K, 27" and Retina 4K, 21.5" iMacs to an RG Phosphor backlight. The MacBook Pro changed to a new technology in 2016 and the correct Technology Type in ColorMunki Display for the 2016 and later MacBook Pro is: "Generic Type 23". The iMac display technology has changed recently so please see the notes on the iMac below. In 2009 and later, all Apple displays went to a "White LED" Technology Type. The one exception was the 30" Apple Cinema Display which used a "Wide Gamut CCFL" Technology Type. Prior to 2009, Apple used a CCFL Technology Type in all of their displays.iMacs, Apple Cinema Displays, and laptops as well. Biomutant draws more than one unfavorable comparison with Sucker-punch’s Ghost of Tsushima, perhaps most poignantly in its oddly half-baked implementation of several industry-standard accessibility features. Unfortunately, this is not the worst news for fine-motor impaired players. The problem is all the combat is equally imprecise, making whatever task you’re doing, whether it’s taking down a World Eater or simply trying to find a better set of melee weapons, an unpleasant chore for most and downright impossible for many. This was probably due in part to the fact that Biomutant is very much an RPG, and players are given the opportunity to grind and upgrade their gear to make combat easier. Even my able-bodied assistant found himself struggling with basic combat fairly early on in the game. ![]() Combat felt oddly squishy and imprecise, resulting in my dodging one enemy only to land in the attack path of another. I never felt like I had true one-to-one control over my Ronin. The bad news is the controls themselves are so sloppy, players will find themselves tired out after dying repeatedly to even small groups of enemies on the lowest difficulty setting. The good news is there’s full control remapping, both on console and PC. Speaking of fine-motor accessibility, I don’t really know where to start. Beyond this, during the several hours I ventured through the wasteland, I couldn’t identify any audio cues that were critical to the experience however, due to the extreme barriers in other areas of gameplay, it wouldn’t be appropriate to call this game barrier free, since my playthrough was hampered by the game’s severe fine-motor barriers. Similar to that seen in last year’s barrier-breaking Doom Eternal, players can adjust the opacity, letterboxing, and color as well as the size. The good news is, in the area of auditory accessibility, Biomutant features an impressive subtitle system. As a result, as much as I love this game’s idea, I can’t recommend it to all but the most passionate fans. Unfortunately, Biomutant’s accessibility would have been considered great five years ago, but in this day and age, it feels more like the developer doesn’t really understand accessibility or how to implement it effectively. These are all things I love, so I thought that I would love Biomutant, but I don’t. It’s this strange mash-up of Fallout and Ghost of Tsushima with a dash of the Redwall books thrown in for good measure. It’s a far cry from David Attenborough or Ron Howard, but the narrator does a decent job of moving the action along without getting too overbearing.Biomutant is a weird game, and I mean that in the best sort of way. Your entire adventure is narrated by a single voice, with no others making themselves heard beyond random gibberish thrown about by NPCs. Related: Biomutant Has Enough Content To Keep You Busy For 65 Hours And More, Dev Says Boss battles were a bit of a letdown, however, as they all felt oddly similar and typically force you into some sort of vehicle – meaning all those flashy skills and weapons you've been unlocking are all but useless during Biomutant's most important fights. Difficultly slowly ramps up over the course of the story, with new enemies introducing new attack patterns for you to learn and overcome. ![]() Regardless of your combat style, it's in your best interest to constantly spam the "Parry" button, as there seems to be no drawback to the action whatsoever.Īs janky as it is, combat is vastly improved when tackled from a distance. There are dozens of brilliant concepts hidden below the surface, but most of those ideas never reach their full potential. That's not to say it isn't a fun game – despite dozens of half-baked ideas, I still managed to find a bit of enjoyment out of its vibrant world. However, after that first hour of slogging through the janky tutorial, its true colors finally shine through –Biomutant is an ambitious game that bit off more than it could chew.įrom its combat and Aura system to collectible mounts and boss battles, an awkward sense of unpolish pervades every inch of Biomutant. Its entry-level combat doesn’t resemble those early trailers, either, coming across as clunky and unresponsive when compared to some others in the genre. ![]() Its first hour is filled with self-contained locations that are a far cry from the sweeping vistas we've seen in early trailers, with claustrophobic corridors and underground dungeons serving as the locale for a lengthy tutorial. Biomutant doesn't get off to a strong start. A step below the Guigal CDR.Ģ003 Oriel Palio Montepulciano - Didn't care for this one. Incredible nose and feel.Ģ003 Oriel Courant Cotes du Rhone - OK, typical CDR. Excellent.Ģ000 Oriel Altezza BDM - Heads and shoulders above the Baroncini. Very niceĢ003 Oriel Sygnet Shiraz - Deep purple, dark fruits and spice. ![]() A fun sipper wineĢ002 Oriel Soluna Napa Cabernet - Red fruits, spice, violet, anise. Nothing special.Ģ002 Baroncini Vino di Montepulciano - Fruit was there but seemed stripped downĢ000 Baroncini BDM - Very nice elegant wine.Ģ002 Bruno Rocco Dolcetto d'Alba Trifole - Light and fruity. NiceĢ003 Sterling Cabernet Sauvignon - Very good typical cab. Nice feel and finishĢ002 Sterling Merlot - Red fruits, anise, with some spice. Jean Sonoma Cabernet Sauvignon - Very nice - Fruits, flowers, cassis. Not offensive, light and fruity.Ģ003 Louis Martini Sonoma Cabernet Sauvignon - Tannic and unbalancedĢ003 Louis Martini Alexander Valley Cabernet Sauvignon - Nice but nothing specialĢ002 Ch. This would be a great party or wedding wine. A great Orvieto will have clean aromas and flavors of green apple, melon and citrus, and have a crisp, mineral-dominant finish.Double Dog Dare Cabernet Sauvignon - Same philosophy as 2 buck chuck. Orvieto is the center of Umbria’s white wine production-and anchor of the region’s entire wine scene-producing over two thirds of Umbria’s wine. Orvieto, the wine, is a blend of at least 60% Trebbiano in combination with Grechetto, with the possible addition of other local white varieties. Rosso di Montefalco, on the other had, is composed mainly of Sangiovese and is a more fruit-driven, quaffable wine to enjoy while waiting for the Sagrantinos to mellow out.Īmong its green mountains, perched upon a high cliff in the province of Terni, sits the town of Orvieto. Incidentally these wines often fall under the radar in the scene of high-end, age-begging, Italian reds, giving them an almost cult-classic appeal. By law this classified wine has to be aged over three years before it can be released from the winery and Sagrantino often needs a good 5-10 more years in bottle before it reaches its peak. The resulting wine, Sagrantino di Montefalco, is an age-worthy, brawny, brambly red, bursting with jammy, blackberry fruit and earthy, pine forest aromas. It’s star red grape variety, Sagrantino, finds its mecca around the striking, hilltop village of Montefalco. The Sportoletti brothers also own 3,000 olive trees on land that is 1,600 feet in altitude, on the slope of the Monte Subasio.Ĭentered upon the lush Apennine Range in the center if the Italian peninsula, Umbria is one of the few completely landlocked regions in Italy. In the last few years the prominent enologist Riccardo Cotarella has consulted with the winery. Vinification is carried out in temperature controlled stainless steel tanks and the best reds are refined in French oak. The same care is taken in the cellar where the vinification takes place utilizing an air press for a soft pressing. The vines are followed very attentively up to their harvest, when the grapes are handpicked. Recently, Sportoletti went through a process of renewing the vines with new grape clones of Grechetto and Chardonnay, Sauvignon Blanc, Merlot, Cabernet Sauvignon and Pinot Nero which is showing very promising results in Italian Oenology. Today the company owns 50 acres of vines all situated in the hills of Assisi and Spello, an area highly regarded for its climate and for its association with the Denominazione di Origine Controllata of Assisi. ![]() In 1979 Sportoletti decided to start producing fine wines of high quality, with the philosophy of respecting the characteristics typical of the hilly area of central Umbria. Sportoletti is a family owned agricultural business which for several generations has relied primarily on revenue from farming. ![]() ![]() All states passed laws against marital rape by 1993 (with some exceptions per state), but while some of the legal language employs the gender-neutral "spouse" to explain assaults within a marriage, other states, like Alabama (opens in new tab) and California (opens in new tab), default to "wife" for victim and "husband" for attacker. Woman-on-woman assault doesn't just happen on college campuses or at the hands of strangers-just like their straight counterparts, queer women often experience sexual assault within relationships. Survivors are trapped in a cycle that delegitimizes their experience: first by downplaying the likelihood that it could happen at all, then by not validating it once it happens, and finally by not analyzing the data-and therefore creating awareness-after it does. "So, in some ways, we're playing catch up." All of this amounts to a culture in which most research on partner violence focuses on heterosexual relationships. "When someone is confronted with a situation that doesn't quite fit that major narrative, they may question its validity," she says. These gender norms can directly contribute to distrust of a victim's claims, says Lisa Langenderfer-Magruder, co-author of a recent study of LGBTQ intimate partner violence (opens in new tab) in Colorado. "Many people have a difficult time believing that a woman could be capable of inflicting violence on another person." ![]() Since this scenario is rarely portrayed in the media or in educational programming, "it can be especially challenging to identify their experience as violence," she says. Stephanie Trilling, manager of community awareness and prevention services at the Boston Area Rape Crisis (BARCC), observes that for her queer female clients who have been assaulted by women, the first hurdle is simply understanding the assault as rape. |
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