PtrWRKY89 accelerates pathogenesis-related protein (PR) gene expressions and enhances pathogen resistance in transgenic poplar ( Populus trichocarpa) and is a regulator of salicylic acid (SA)-dependent defense signaling in poplar. WRKYs exert their regulatory functions by binding to the DNA sequence of the W-box (TTGACT/C). WRKYs are mainly characterized by a highly conserved WRKYGQK motif and a zinc finger motif. WRKY transcription factors play a crucial role in the regulatory network for defense against pathogenic infection. Pathogen defense response is achieved through large-scale transcriptional activation of defense-related genes. Recent studies have shown that, in Arabidopsis, activation of the RPS2 gene leads to the accumulation of BIK1 and RBOHD proteins and increased transcription of WRKY29 and AZI. These WRKYs can bind to the W-box element in the RBOHB promoter to upregulate the RBOHB gene and cause a ROS burst. benthamiana, the MAPK cascade activates WRKY7, WRKY8, WRKY9, and WRKY11. At the same time, intracellular nucleotide-binding LRR (NLR) receptors cooperate with lipase-like proteins such as EDS1, SAG101, and PAD4 to induce ETI through NLRs of the ADR1 family and the NRG1 family. Usually, a reactive oxygen species (ROS) burst occurs by binding to cell membrane surface co-receptors and by phosphorylating RLCKs, MAPKs, and calcineurin kinases. Plants have evolved pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMP)-triggered immunity (PTI) and effector-triggered immunity (ETI) systems. Plants have developed multitiered defense mechanisms for protection against pathogens. alternata in poplar by activating genes in both pathogen-associated molecular pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) and effector-triggered immunity (ETI). Our study suggests that PsnWRKY70 enhances the resistance of A. PsnWRKY70 directly binds to the promoters of homologous genes and LRR domain proteins to promote the expression of WRKY6, WRKY18, WRKY22, and WRKY22–1, LRR domain proteins LRR8, LRR-RLK, ADR1-like 2, NB-ARC, etc. Furthermore, 129 genes of PsnWRKY70 putative genome-wide direct targets (DTGs) were identified by using transcriptome (RNA-seq) and DNA affinity purification sequencing (DAP-seq). PsnWRKY70 activated MAP kinase cascade genes ( PsnM2K4, PsnMPK3, PsnM3K18), calcium channel proteins-related genes ( PsnCNG3, PsnCNGC1, PsnCNG4), and calcium-dependent protein kinases genes ( PsnCDPKL, PsnCDPKW, PsnCDPKS, PsnCDPKQ). In this study, we showed that PsnWRKY70-overexpression lines (OE) had fewer leaf blight symptoms than PsnWRKY70-repressing lines (RE). However, the defense mechanism of PsnWRKY70 is not clear in Populus nigra. ![]() Among them, WRKY70 plays an important role in the process of the plant defense response to the invasion of pathogens. WRKY is an important complex family of transcription factors involved in plant immune responses.
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